This article is about traditional straight tube shaped fluorescent lamps. In general, lamp manufacturers warrant their lamps. Illustration of the components of a fluorescent lamp and how they work source. A basic inductor consists of a coil of wire in a circuit, which may be wound around a piece of metal. Fluorescent bulbs should only be broken using appropriate equipment. The basic construction of a cfl consists a tube which is curvedspiraled to fit into the space of an incandescent bulb, and a compact electronic ballast in the base of the lamp. The classic fluorescent lamp design, which has fallen mostly by the wayside, used a special starter switch mechanism to light up the tube. Comparison of compact fluorescent lamp with 105 w, 36 w, and 11 w power consumption a compact fluorescent lamp cfl, also called compact fluorescent light, energysaving light and compact fluorescent tube, is a fluorescent lamp designed to replace an incandescent light bulb. A fluorescent lamp, or fluorescent tube, is a lowpressure mercuryvapor gasdischarge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light. Contact yale ehs when a collection drum is full or almost one year old. The facilities electrical department must be contacted and work may not be performed if the energy source cannot be identified or the switch cannot accommodate a lockout device because it is not a toggle switch and may be a dimmer or push button. In other words, led is an optical semiconductor device that converts electrical energy into light energy.
You can see how this system works in the diagram below. Fluorescent lamp simple english wikipedia, the free. The machines air filtration system is not working properly. Ballast manufacturers offer products that operate lamps outside of ansi guidelines, usually to provide lamp ballast systems that operate at lower power. This guide will explain how to convert fluorescent light fixtures to led to optimize energy efficiency. The more frequently they are activated, the shorter the lifetime of the lamp. In some systems, one staff assistant may be responsible for both plant operation and maintenance or separate crew supervisors. A fluorescent tube light does not have the usual glowing filament of an incandescent bulb, but instead contains a mercury vapour that gives off ultraviolet light when ionized. How to troubleshoot a bad fluorescent lamp fixture home. A light emitting diode led is an optical semiconductor device that emits light when voltage is applied. Design of an adaptive electronic starter for fluorescent lamps. Some basic facts and some advanced information on ballasts. Working principle of fluorescent lamp polytechnic hub.
Read this article to learn about the working of fluorescence microscope. When light emitting diode led is forward biased, free electrons in the conduction band recombines with the holes in the. Alternatively, lamp bulbs may be doped to filter out the uv radiation. Other controls include photocells, timers, occupancy sensors, and dimmers. Life 4 32w fluorescent t8 ge 3000k 78 f32t8sp30eco 2850 20000 ge 3000k 86 f32t8spx30ew 2950 20000 o. In the mid1930s when first fluorescent tube lights were introduced in the market, they were a total revelation. Mar 15, 2020 a fluorescent lamp has changed over electrical energy into useful light energy to a great deal more proficiently than incandescent lamps. Light emitting diode led working, construction and. Special dimming ballasts and dimming controls are required. The working principle is the same in both types of luminaires. The cfl was initially designed to replace the incandescent lamp in terms of its compactness as well as energy efficiency. Read on to learn how led retrofitting is a simple diy project. Just remove one of the still working pair of fluorescent tubes and replace it with each of the questionable tubes, one at a time.
For most applications, the stability of the stains, following reaction with cells, is of minor importance, since enumeration of microorganisms is the primary concern. A flickering fluorescent bulb means that it or one of a dependent pair of bulbs in the fixture has bought the. A compact fluorescent lamp cfl, also called compact fluorescent light, energysaving light and compact fluorescent tube, is a fluorescent lamp designed to replace an incandescent light bulb. The fluorescent tube produces visible light by the process of fluorescence. Fluorescent lamp technology overview osram sylvania. The light itself is ultraviolet and therefore invisible but causes the fluorescent layer inside the tube to shine. See appendix d be sure the fixture and ballasts are properly grounded. Apr 14, 2020 fluorescent lamp definition is a usually tubular electric lamp having a coating of fluorescent material on its inner surface and containing mercury vapor whose bombardment by electrons from the cathode provides ultraviolet light which causes the material to emit visible light. Fluorescent lamp technology ledvance offers a wide variety of fluorescent lamps in compact, linear, ubend, and circular types. Protecting workers from mercury exposure while crushing and. Fluorescent dyes are light sensitive to various extents and generally should be handled while avoiding exposure to light. The basic principles of the most commonly used lamp types. Electronic fluorescent lamp ballast stmicroelectronics. Lighting controls lighting controls are devices that turn lights on and off or dim them.
Fluorescent light fixture and tube troubleshooting and repair. If you are troubleshooting a 4tube fluorescent fixture, this is easy. Inrush related problems caused by lamps with electronic. The ultraviolet light makes particles that coat the inside of the tube, and these particles glow or fluoresce. Well also find out why fluorescent lamps are more efficient than incandescent lighting, and see how this technology is used in other sorts of lamps.
An electric current in the gas excites mercury vapor, which produces shortwave ultraviolet light that then causes a phosphor coating on the inside of the lamp to glow. The fixture does not function in emergency operation. Figure 1 shows a driving circuit for a fluorescent lamp operated from the 220240v mains. In other words, the fluorescent lamp produces colored light directly and not by means of a filter. I 3000k 82 f032830eco 2950 20000 philips 3000k 78 f32t8tl730alto 2850 20000. A cost competitive circuit of a fluorescent lamp electronic starter that can provide a singlepulse ignition, adaptive preheating time, fast reset and lower voltage working ability is proposed in. High frequency all fluorescent type lamps will have improved efficacy when operating at a high frequency typically above 20,000 hz, as compared to 50 or 60 hz. Association nema2, about half of the fluorescent lamps manufactured by their members and sold in the u.
Troubleshooting tips iota emergency lighting, acdc. How a fluorescent light works schematic animation youtube. A typical application involving a fluorescent lamp an auto switching light. The normal luminous viability of fluorescent lighting frameworks is 50 to100 lumens per watt, which is a few times the adequacy of incandescent lamps with equivalent light yield. When the lamp first turns on, the path of least resistance is through the bypass circuit, and across the starter switch. A fluorescent lamp s ballast works to control this. A fluorescent lamp has changed over electrical energy into useful light energy to a great deal more proficiently than incandescent lamps. How office fluorescent lights affect your ability to work.
The efficiency of an equivalent tungsten lamp is about 40 lumens per watt, about three times the efficiency of an equivalent filament lamp. The light source for the fluorescent light must be switched on and allowed to warmup for 5 minutes prior to use. Most can be dimmed but at a higher cost than dimming incandescent lamps. Working principle of fluorescence microscope with figure. Other such phenomena include chemiluminescence, derived from the energy of a chemical reaction, and this is called bioluminescence when the reactions take place within living organisms, for example, glowworms and fireflies.
At that full voltage first the glow discharge is established in the starter. Our focus has been on providing energy efficient and long life t8, t5, and cf lamps, enabling endusers to take advantage of utility rebates to lower the initial costs to install. Lighting lighting controls lighting controls are devices. Lamp requirements a fluorescent lamp requires preheating of the filaments, a high ignition voltage to strike, current or power control for dimming, and additional filament heating during low dimming levels. The lamp automatically turns on around 6 pm and turns off in the morning. A fluorescent lamp, or fluorescent tube, is a lowpressure mercuryvapour gasdischarge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light. This causes electrons in the gas to emit photons at uv frequencies. Fluorescent lighting has a great advantage over other light sources in any application. Fluorescent and compact fluorescent lamps exhibit a similar behavior. Animation shows the circuit of the first kind of fluorescent lamp called the preheat.
How to design a dimming fluorescent electronic ballast. A fluorescent lamp basically consists of a long glass gas discharge tube. Their operation relies upon an electrical arc passing between two electrodes, one on each end of the lamp. Fluorescent light fixtures are commonplace in both residential and commercial settings. With adequate filtering, a halogen lamp exposes users to less uv than a standard incandescent lamp producing the same effective level of illumination without filtering. However some of them, after absorbing light of a particular wavelength and energy, emit light of a longer wavelength and lesser energy. The basic principles of the most commonly used lamp types and. Start it up how fluorescent lamps work howstuffworks.
The purchase price of a fluorescent lamp is often much higher than an incandescent lamp of. Converting your old fluorescent fixtures to work with led bulbs is a smart choice. Introduction fluorescent lamps have applications in most areas of lighting, where they give longer lifetime and lower power consumption for equivalent light output compared to filament bulbs, with the disadvantage of higher initial cost. Fluorescent lamp definition of fluorescent lamp by merriam. The direct production system of the fluorescent lamp is obviously.
All installation, inspection, and maintenance should be performed only with the entire circuit. There are two general types, traditional fluorescent and compact fluorescent. Black lights are essentially fluorescent lamps without a phosphor coating. Anderson was a professor at rensselaer polytechnic institute and employee of general electric with 27 patents 1970 1992 related to lamp technology. The relation between the inrush current and the starting voltage phase angle can be seen in fig. Unfortunately, the light from fluorescent lamps does little to help the average worker. This automatic lighting system can be installed in your home to light the premises using cfl or fluorescent lamp. Anderson developed many improvements in the fluorescent lamp.
Wear gloves if picking up broken fluorescent lamp fragments. Lamp current green trace and lamp voltage yellow trace during normal preheat ignition and run modes. It is possible to active quite high lighting intensities without excessive temperature rise and owing to the nature of light sources, the danger of galore is minimized. See how the ballast and starting switch work to strike an arc in the lamp. The fluorescent lamp works on an entirely different principle. Fluorescent light bulbs have a typical lifespan of 8,000 to 15,000 hours, and ballasts often work for more. The direct production system of the fluorescent lamp. Fluorescent lamps contain a small amount of mercury. When the metallic strip of starter flips back or when the starter switch turns off, the ballast provides high voltage through the electrodes of the fluorescent lamp. Many office workers know this on an instinctive level. Its used for drinking and wastewater treatment, air disinfection, the treatment of fruit and vegetable juices, as well as a myriad. Rk primer of school lighting lamps and maintenance.
Standard operating procedure for service and maintenance. Due to operation at higher frequency, discharge process in fluorescent lamp is at higher rate. In addition, rather than being made of ordinary borosilicate glass, the tube is made of fused quartz or sodalime glass which allow the 185nm andor 253. The abcs of electronic fluorescent ballasts 3 energyefficient fluorescent lamps fluorescent lamps operate at cooler temperatures than incandescent lamps, and convert electrical energy to light more efficiently. They mostly emit ultraviolet light, which causes phosphors outside of the lamp to emit visible light click here to learn more. The circuit demonstrates proper fluorescent lamp control with conducted emi below the allowed limits using only a singlewinding filter inductor. In particular, these are used where the excessive heat of mercury vapor is undesirable, or when an item needs more than a single source of light and instead the item needs to be surrounded by light. Protecting workers from mercury exposure while crushing. Fluorescent lamps are just one lighting application of a gas discharge tube. The most common form of germicidal lamp looks similar to an ordinary fluorescent lamp but the tube contains no fluorescent phosphor. How to troubleshoot fluorescent light fixtures hunker. Uv has been used for disinfection since the mid20th century, with beginnings even earlier when sunlight was investigated for bactericidal effects in the mid19th century. People were amazed to see their houses and offices lit as brightly as cool daylight. The performance of the high output or t12 ho light fixture lamps will be affected by all of the factors as listed in this article about fluorescent lighting problems, especially if the lamps are old and need to be replaced, or if there is a lamp socket that has a bad connection which will cause the socket to deteriorate and require replacing.
Make sure that lamp socket spacing and mounting distance from grounded fixture or metal strip are correct and lamps are properly seated. Protecting workers from mercury exposure while crushing and recycling fluorescent bulbs this fact sheet assists employers and workers in understanding the hazards that mercury poses and how to work safely when crushing or recycling tubular or compact fluorescent bulbs. Remove the lamp bulb and place it in a cardboard waste bulb collection box or fiber drum and return to your shop or the local accumulation area. The lamps use a tube which is curved or folded to fit into the space of an incandescent bulb, and a compact electronic ballast in the. Lighting lighting controls lighting controls are devices that. The inside surface of the table is coated with a layer of fluorescent material in the form of a power. Most cfls are designed to replace incandescent lamps and fit into most existing light fixtures. When the switch is on, full voltage will come across the tube light through ballast and fluorescent lamp starter. Conventional lamp ballast the simplest form of ballast is an inductor. To understand how a dimming fluorescent lamp works, a simple resistive model for the lamp is used figure 1. When you release the test switch the lamp will go out for several seconds and then come back on at full brightness. Compact fluorescent lamps cfl a compact fluorescent lamp cfl, also known as a compact fluorescent light or energy saving light, is a type of fluorescent lamp. The normal luminous viability of fluorescent lighting frameworks is 50 to100 lumens per watt, which is a few times the adequacy of incandescent lamps with equivalent light yield how does a fluorescent lamp work. Ballast balance how fluorescent lamps work howstuffworks.
Oct 04, 2017 a fluorescent lamp, or fluorescent tube, is a lowpressure mercuryvapour gasdischarge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light. This term was first coined by the british scientist sir george stokes in 1852, following his observations on the mineral fluorite which glows when irradiated with ultraviolet light. A fluorescent lamp, is a type of electric light lamp that uses ultraviolet emitted by mercury vapor to excite a phosphor, which emits visible light. These lamps have a rated life of between 10,000 to 12,000 hours and offer significant energy savings over incandescent and halogen sources. Fluorescent lighting is designed to operate for a certain amount of time, each time it is turned on, and thus fluorescent tubes tend to have shorter lifetimes. A fluorescent lamp converts electrical energy into useful light much more efficiently. Cooking with gas how fluorescent lamps work howstuffworks. The simplest sort of ballast, generally referred to as a magnetic ballast, works something like an inductor. In this article, well find out how fluorescent lamps emit such a bright glow without getting scalding hot like an ordinary light bulb. Yes, virginia, that hum when you flip on the fluorescent lamp is from the. Fluorescent lamps are also susceptible to temperature fluctuations and underperform in colder temperatures. In the fluorescent lamp the luminous section of the gas column is artificially very much extended.
351 1211 245 473 1146 1222 1553 692 378 1003 1056 740 1035 358 1119 257 660 1569 1057 1548 635 1435 919 1136 599 296 719 667 431 1081 809 972 1040 946 1440 963